台灣軍工產業鏈之企業營運績效分析

Analysis of Corporate Operating Performance of Taiwan’s Military Industry Chain

張珈進、徐裕倫
C. C. Chang and Y. L. Hsu

國防大學管理學院資源管理及決策研究所

摘要

全球軍工產業在2021年的產值已衝上5,920億美元，相當於18.23兆元新台幣，而且連續七年呈現正成長。2022年俄烏戰爭的爆發進一步刺激了全球各國加強軍事裝備的需求。在這種地緣政治衝突的背景下，台灣持續提升軍事投資，出現了一些鮮少提及的軍工企業和軍工產業鏈。
本研究旨在通過分析軍工業企業的績效，深入探討台灣國防工業的發展現狀，研究結果發現，創新研發作業效率值在三種事後比較均顯著小於生產作業及行銷作業效率值，軍工企業營運提升可優先考量從創新研發作業階段方面投入資源進行改善，另透過集群分析根據觀察值將樣本進行分類，區分為4個集群，提供了更具體的目標改善方向，以作為軍工企業和國防決策者策略規劃的參考建議。

關鍵字：軍工企業、資料包絡分析法、營運績效。

ABSTRACT

The output value of the global military industry has reached US$592 billion in 2021, equivalent to NT$18.23 trillion, and has shown positive growth for seven consecutive years. The outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022 will further stimulate the need for countries around the world to strengthen their military equipment. Against the background of this geopolitical conflict, Taiwan continues to increase its military investment, and some rarely mentioned military-industrial enterprises and military-industrial chains have emerged.
This study aims to deeply explore the development status of Taiwan's defense industry by analyzing the performance of military industry enterprises. The results of the study found that the efficiency value of innovative R&D operations was significantly smaller than the efficiency value of production operations and marketing operations in three post hoc comparisons. The operation of military industry enterprises has improved. Priority can be given to investing resources in the innovation and R&D operation stage for improvement. In addition, cluster analysis is used to classify the samples according to the observed values and divide them into 4 clusters, which provides a more specific target improvement direction for military industry enterprises and national defense decision-makers. Reference suggestions for strategic planning.

KEYWORDS: Military Industrial Enterprises; Data Envelopment Analysis; Operational Performance.