堆高機重大職業災害危害分析與預防策略探討
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| 摘要 堆高機為各行各業常見之運搬機械，更為作業中不可或缺的幫手，但是因為管理不易，往往在作業環境未辨識及安全設施未完善之下，導致職業災害層出不窮。本研究彙整勞動部職業安全衛生署發布之歷年度「重大職災實例摘要」，針對2011至2021年間發生之堆高機91件重大職災案例，首先依災害類型進行分類統計，再配合失誤樹（Fault Tree Analysis, FTA）方法由上而下式（Top-down）對各種災害類型進行風險分析，得出引起罹災事件要因；後續再輔以失效模式與影響分析（Failure Mode & Effect Analysis, FMEA）方法，釐清各要因發生之關鍵因子。藉由深究堆高機發生事故的樣貌與原因，提出具體改善策略和建議。
關鍵字：堆高機、FTA、FMEA、改善措施。 ABSTRACT Forklifts are common transportation machinery in various industries and are indispensable helpers in operations. However, because they are difficult to manage, occupational accidents often occur due to unidentified working environments and incomplete safety facilities. This study compiles the "Summary of Severe Occupational Accident Cases" released by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the Ministry of Labor from 2011 to 2021. For 91 severe occupational accident cases in forklifts, this study first classifies according to the type of accident, and using fault tree analysis (FTA) method conducts risk analysis on various accident types to obtain the accident causes. It then clarifies the key factors for each accident cause by the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method. By deeply studying the sceneries and causes of forklift accidents, specific improvement strategies and suggestions are put forward. KEYWORDS: Forklift; FTA; FMEA; Improvement Strategy. |