摘要
隨著供應鏈(SC)全球化與市場型態的變化，買方與賣方之間的供需關係也更為密切，因為賣方對於買方需求的不確定因素，可能因生產太少造成缺貨損失與承諾之訂單無法滿足而降低顧客滿足率，而生產太多則可能使存貨成本增加，造成賣方本身的損失，所以為了解決承諾訂單無法如期滿足的問題，本研究以可承諾量（Available-To-Promise，ATP）之規劃模式於協同規劃、預測與補貨(Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment，CPFR)機制的承諾量規劃，並在機制中加入違反前期需求量之懲罰費用，期望能透過此機制提升訂單達交量與買賣雙方之營運效益。
本研究在CPFR模式的機制下探討兩階層供應鏈(買方面與賣方面)的承諾量規劃，並探討當商品具有「損耗性」之特性以及運用「數量折扣」、「收益管理」的方法，建立四種問題的情境的數學規劃模式，搭配EXCEL作為輸入、輸出之介面，再以LINGO 9.0軟體撰寫程式進行最佳化之求解與分析，從中找出利於企業利潤最大化與最佳的規劃分配以滿足顧客需求的模式。
關鍵字：供應鏈，可承諾量，協同規劃、預測與補貨、損耗性商品、數量折扣、收益管理。
ABSTRACT
Supply chain management is the current trend with globalization and market changes. The supply and demand relationships between the buyer and the seller are also more closely because of the demand uncertainty, which may cause stock out or high inventory levels. Moreover, demand uncertainty will result in unstable production planning and low customer satisfaction rate. Therefore, this research employs Available-To-Promise (ATP) model and Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) mechanism to manager the demand uncertainty and to improve the order commitment quality and operational efficiency of the buyers and sellers.
This study investigated the mechanism of CPFR model under two levels of supply chain (buyer and seller). The optimization planning models for the amount of commitments are proposed in this research in consideration of "quantity discounts", “deteriorating items” and "yield management". The proposed four related mathematical programming models are with EXCEL as input, output of the interface, and then to write code LINGO software to optimize the solution and analysis. The models are to find the best conducive to the maximization of corporate profit planning and allocation to meet customer demand quantities.
Keywords: Supply Chain; Available-to-Promise; Collaborative Planning; Forecasting and Replenishment; Deteriorating Items; Quantity Discounts; Revenue Management.
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