摘要
台灣地區屬一複雜災害性之島國，除了颱風、地震等天然災害之侵襲外，尚有許多人為災害之隱憂。其中，火災係屬最為頻繁發生的人為災害之一，且往往對人命與財物造成可觀的損失。遇有重大案例時，對整體社會亦造成相當的恐慌和衝擊。是故，如何有效的預防火災和減少火災造成的損失一直是我國政府持續努力的目標。在不斷推動各項防火政策下，火災件數的持續下降亦是全國人民有目共睹的成果。
但由於火災的發生，具有不定時、不定點、難以預測等等特性。因此，為了提升防災政策的執行成效，結合地理資訊系統GIS(Geographic Information System)空間分析功能及歷史火災災例，繪製「火災發生地點分佈圖（火災災例熱點圖）」，從中發現、歸納出火災空間分布的規律或現象。
本文以澎湖縣地區近三年（2010-2012）發生的火災災例為基礎，運用地理資訊系統的空間資料處理、空間資料分析等功能，建構火災災例的空間分布，進而繪製火災風險潛勢地圖，藉以探討在不同時空環境中澎湖縣的火災潛在威脅性。相關研究成果並可作為未來火災預防對策研訂之參考。
關鍵字：空間分析、火災風險、火災預防。
ABSTRACT
Taiwan is a country with various and complicated disasters.It is not only hit by natural disasters such as typhoon, earthquake, etc, but also have lots of potential worries of human-error disaster. Among them, fire is one of the human-error disasters that frequently takes place, and it often causes considerable losses to human life and property. In the event of major hazard, it also causes fear and impact to the whole society. Therefore, how to prevent and reduce the loss of fire effectively is the continuous goal of our government. Under promoting every policy of fire prevention constantly, the decrease of fire case is the achievement for all to see.
But due to the occurrence of fire is full of some characteristic such as uncertainty, uncertain locations and unpredictability. Therefore, in order to promote the effectiveness of disaster prevention policy, we combine the space analyse function of the GIS（Geographical Information System）with historical fire incidents to draw “the space distribution map of historical fire incidents” so we can find the discipline or phenomena of historical fire from it.
This study is based on historical fire cases in the recent three years (2010-2012) with the area of Penghu county and we use some GIS functions as “the processing and analysis of the space information” etc, to build the space distribution of the historical fire cases, and then draw “the fire risk potential map” to discuss the potential threat in the different space and period in Penghu County. Relevant research results can be a reference of the institution in fire prevention policy in the future.
Keywords: Spatial Analysis; Fire Risk; Fire Prevention
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