摘要
甲醛是無色刺激性氣體，2004年世界衛生組織公佈為致癌和致畸形物質，也是環保署空氣污染防制法所列管毒性污染物，因此甲醛對人體健康危害備受重視。為探討汽車芳香劑及清潔用品對汽車內密閉環境中甲醛濃度曝露之特性。研究中，選用市面常見汽車清潔品（液態芳香劑、皮革劑、亮光漆共三種）分別放置於汽車內部進行實驗。採樣時，以甲醛連續監測儀每10分鐘採樣一次，共計日夜間48小時連續監測。實驗結果顯示，監測過程中發現液態芳香劑、皮革劑與亮光漆在汽車內密閉環境中甲醛濃度瞬間值最高可達0.957 ppm、0.062 ppm、0.122 ppm。連續48小時監測結果得知，液態芳香劑、皮革劑與亮光漆在汽車內密閉環境中平均濃度分別為0.244 ±0.062 ppm、0.017 ±0.004 ppm、0.034 ±0.016 ppm。此外，當汽車內使用液態芳香劑、皮革劑以及亮光漆後車內環境中甲醛濃度是未使用時的1~7倍。顯示汽車清潔品使用對車內人員甲醛的潛在曝露危害值得重視。
關鍵字：甲醛、汽車、液態芳香劑、皮革劑、亮光漆。
ABSTRACT
Formaldehyde is a colorless pungent gas. In 2004, the World Health Organization classified formaldehyde as a carcinogenic and teratogenic substance. In addition, formaldehyde is also listed as a toxic pollutant in the Air Pollution Control Act of the Environmental Protection Administration (R.O.C.). This highlights the potential harm that formaldehyde can cause to the human body. To examine formaldehyde exposure caused by the characteristics of air fresheners and cleaning products used in the confined spaces of vehicles, this study selected three common car cleaning products, specifically, liquid air freshener, leather agent, and varnish. These three products were placed inside cars for experiments. For sampling, a formaldehyde monitor was used to collect samples every 10 min over a continuous period of 48 h. The experiment results indicate that in a confined car space, the instantaneous measurement of formaldehyde concentration resulting from liquid air freshener, leather agent, and varnish reached 0.957ppm、0.062ppm、0.122ppm, respectively. The 48 h monitoring results showed that the average formaldehyde concentration resulting from liquid air freshener, leather agent, and varnish in a confined vehicle space was 0.244 ±0.062 ppm, 0.017 ±0.004 ppm, 0.034 ±0.016 ppm, respectively. In addition, formaldehyde concentrations increased 1:7 in a confined vehicle space following the use of liquid air freshener, leather agent, or varnish. These results imply that the potential harm that the exposure to formaldehyde by using car cleaning products has on the human body should be emphasized.
Keywords: Formaldehyde; Vehicles; Liquid Air Freshener; Leather Agent; Varnish
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