高雄縣消防人員對土石流災害防災認知之研究

Investigation of Cognition on the Prevention of Debris Flow Disaster for Firefighter of Kaohsiung County

　　高雄縣土石流潛勢溪流高達61條，颱風期間因夾帶豐沛的雨量，使得高雄縣山區土石崩落形成土石流，造成了嚴重的死傷及財物損失，為了降低土石流所造成的損害，消防人員對於防災避難認知於其中扮演重要的角色。本研究針對高雄縣144位消防人員進行土石流防災認知調查，根據文獻資料、專家訪談與問卷調查方式，探討消防人員對防災認知、防災教育與訓練現況，以及對執行土石流防災疏散避難工作認知的狀況，以瞭解執行現況與認知上之差異。研究結果顯示(1)儘管消防人員對於土石流防災認知不足，但防災態度傾向正面且積極，在災害發生之虞，消防人員仍願意配合指示，撤離並疏散民眾至安全場所。(2)消防人員面對土石流的防災教育與訓練雖然明顯不足，但他們並不排斥訓練，只是缺少學習管道。(3)消防人員面對土石流防災疏散避難工作流程不熟悉。(4)消防人員在防災方面的認知會隨年齡與救災經驗而提升。
本研究建議將土石流資訊的取得與土石流防災訓練納入消防人員每年的訓練內容，其教育訓練盡可能貼近防災狀況，以縮短與加強消防人員執行土石流防災疏散避難認知的建立，對於土石流災害的損失將可能降低。

關鍵字：土石流、消防人員、防災認知。

ABSTRACT

　　There are up to 61 potential debris flow streams in Kaohsiung County. The heavy rain brought by typhoons caused the rocks and earth in the mountain areas falling down to form debris flows and resulted in serious loss of property and human life casualties. In order to decrease the damage caused by debris flows, firefighters’ attitudes of disaster prevention and precaution play an important role and cannot be ignored.This study investigates firefighters’ disaster prevention concepts, education, training, as well as the perception of performing the disaster evacuation of debris flow from relevant literature reviews, field surveys filled out by 144 firefighters in Kaohsiung County and interviews with experts, in order to reveal the discrepancies between the current status of implementation and perception.The results show that: (1) Despite the insufficient concepts, the firefighters’ attitudes toward disaster prevention are active and positive; during a disaster occurrence, they are willing to evacuate the public following the instructions to safer places. (2)The education and training offered for firefighters are obviously not enough; they are willing to learn though, they still need more channels for learning. (3)The firefighters are unfamiliar with the disaster evacuation processes of debris flow. (4) The disaster prevention concepts can be enhanced with age and experience of disaster relief.
This research suggests that the annual firefighter training program should include the debris flow information acquisition and debris flow disaster prevention, in order to strengthen firefighters’ concepts of debris flow disaster prevention and evacuation, with the purpose of minimizing the damage caused by debris flows.

Keywords: Debris flow, Firefighter,Disaster cognition