住宅地震基本保險全損理賠認定基準—以鋼筋混凝土構造物為例
陳正忠、薛強、石豐銘、紀宛君 |
| 摘要 根據現行住宅地震保險保單條款之規定，住宅建築物直接因地震造成倒塌或嚴重毀損後，均可申請理賠認定，以此降低地震所造成之財產損失。然而，簽單公司在住宅地震保險理賠時，需面對受災戶各種不同受災情況，其辦理理賠時究竟應如何評估損失，過去一直缺乏客觀標準。本文將簡介我國住宅地震保險制度，其次說明住宅地震保險全損理賠作業程序，並針對RC建築物，進一步說明基於損失程度之認定標準與評估方法，包括樓層與建築物損壞係數計算方法、依據案例統計所建立之損壞係數對應至修復費用與重置成本比對應關係以及認定標準。最後，以實際案例說明依據此認定標準所訂定之全損理賠損失評估方法，比原有採用選項法則方式更能準確地反應損失程度之大小。 Earthquakes are common natural calamities in Taiwan. In order to secure the policyholders against losses due to earthquakes, the government in Taiwan launched a residential earthquake insurance system several years ago. Policyholders can be indemnified by total loss claim for quake-related losses of property. Despite there are many other professionals involved in the assessment procedure for total loss claim, the qualified adjustors from underwriters are pivotal to the assessment of total loss claims. The qualified adjustors are personnel of non-life insurance companies that underwent training courses for earthquake building damage assessment and many of them are not professionals in civil engineering. Their determination of total loss claims are based on claim standard operation procedure (SOP) established by Taiwan Residential Earthquake Insurance Fund (TREIF) and mainly relies on personal experience and knowledge of earthquake building damages. Furthermore, considering that reinforced concrete buildings account for more than 76% effective policies in Taiwan, a quantified loss model for total loss claim determination for RC buildings has been proposed in this paper. Claims handling procedure, related forms and the quantified model for determining total loss claims have been revised based on the proposed model. It is believed the proposed model will be helpful to enhance the accuracy and rationality of outcome of the determination from qualified adjustors and protect the right and benefit of policyholders. |