以腦波評估提神飲料對消除疲勞之影響

Evaluation of the Effect on Freshener to Fatigue by EEG Measurement

　　疲勞不但影響人體健康亦增加意外事故的發生的機率，尤其是系統對人員之要求較高之作業，如在高速公路駕車或從事危險性機械操作，若人員因疲勞而降低對系統變化之偵測及反應能力，將導致事故之發生。從神經學的觀點來探討疲勞，發現人在疲勞狀態，大腦對執行刺激-反應之能力降低。由人類腦波(Electroencephalogram；EEG)可得知其意識活動之高低，藉以評估其精神狀態。本研究以15位男性大學學生為受測者，在其接受睡眠剝奪後飲用咖啡(提神飲料) 15分鐘後，再進行腦波測試，並量測其心跳、血壓，實驗結果發現，飲用咖啡除心跳達統計上顯著差異(變慢)，血壓變化並未達統計上之顯著差異。飲用咖啡後大腦額葉(F3-F4)之d、q、a等低頻腦波振幅達統計上顯著降低，額-頂葉中央(Fz-Pz)及枕葉(O1-O2)之高頻β2波振幅增加，額-頂葉中央主管思考，枕葉屬視覺區，其高頻腦波振幅在飲用咖啡後皆有增加，表示其清醒度增加，主管身體運動之中心葉(Cz-Gnd)之高頻β1波振幅顯著減少，顯示飲用咖啡並未改善身體運動區部位之疲勞，反而有負面影響，實際之影響機制有待進一步探討。表示飲用咖啡有顯著之提神效果，但並非全面性，尤其對身體運動區部位之疲勞並未發現有改善效果。因此藉由引用咖啡來提神只是使飲用者眼睛為之一亮，此結果提供飲用咖啡提神之觀念應做些修正，尤其對需要大腦主管之身體運動部位提供高度反應能力之工作更不能單靠咖啡來提神。

關鍵詞：疲勞、睡眠剝奪、腦波、提神飲料

ABSTRACT

　　Fatigue not only affects the health but also increases the probability of accident. Especially the tasks that system demands higher than human performance e.g., driving on super highway or dander machinery operation. If one decreases the ability to perceive the system variation, it will cause the accident happen. As exploring the fatigue from the view of neurology, it is found that the ability of stimulus-response governed by the brain descends under fatigue condition. To assess the conscious level, electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement is used to evaluate the mental condition. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effect on dispelling fatigue for freshener by using EEG incorporated heart beat and blood pressure. Fifteen university male students participated as volunteer subjects. Under sleep deprivation, the subjects consumed coffee (refresher) for 15 min and then measure their EEGs, heart beats, and blood pressures. For cardiac measure, beat decreased and revealed statistically significant difference but his blood pressure had no statistically significant difference after coffee consumed. For EEG measurement, the amplitudes of low frequency bands of d、q、a waves at frontal (F3-F4) recording site revealed statistically significant decrease and the amplitudes of high frequency bands ofβ2 wave at front-parietal (Fz-Pz; governing thought) and occipital (O1-O2; governing visual) recording sites showed significant increase. It revealed that the subject’s arousal level had ascended after coffee consumed. While amplitude of high frequency band ofβ1 at central sulcus (Cz-Gnd-O2; governing somatomotor) recording site revealed significantly decrease i.e., the fatigue on somatomotor system failed to improve, even caused the negative effect. The finding is the effect on dispelling fatigue by consuming coffee is not overall. Drinking coffee to dispel fatigue may be partially effective. It provides the coffee consumers renew the concept of the effect on dispelling fatigue by drinking coffee.

Keyword: fatigue, sleep deprivation, electroencephalogram, freshener