摘要
研究的目的是根據信號偵測理論設計一套營造業的工地危害情境測驗，探討安全衛生科系應屆畢業生之危害風險知覺與判斷。
二因子變異數分析得知性別、工作經驗與年齡等三因素都不會影響受測者的營建工地危害風險知覺，不同危害類別對受測者之風險知覺有顯著的影響。事後檢定六種危害類別之間的差異，可分成三個等級，「倒塌崩塌」、「墜落」、「物體飛落」與「刺割擦傷」等為最高之危害風險知覺等級，其次是「火災」，最低之危害風險知覺等級是「感電」。
信號偵測判斷敏感度平均值男性是1.28，女性是1.15。判斷閾值之平均數男性是0.44，女性是0.53，皆屬於「非保守」之信號偵測反應。二因子變異數分析，性別、年齡與工作經驗對受測者的判斷敏感度及判斷閾值都沒有顯著影響，但是性別與工作經驗對判斷敏感度有顯著的交互作用。
關鍵字：信號偵測理論、危害風險知覺、營建安全
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument using Signal Detection Theory (SDT) to measure hazard risk perceptions of people in construction site. Four tests (Safety Attitude, Hazard Risk Cognition, Safety Knowledge, and Construction Site Hazard Risk Perception) were designed in this study.
Two-way ANOVA showed that the factors of the gender, age, and years of working did not affect the hazard risk perceptions when the subjects observed the unsafe pictures of the construction site. Six types of major injuries in construction sites were categories in different risk perception levels. The types of injuries in “collapse”, “falls”, “fallen objects” , and “stab, cut, abrasion” were categories in first hazard risk perception level; the second hazard risk perception level was “fires and explosions”, the lowest level was “electric shocks”.
The results of the measure in signal detection, the sensitivity value（d’）of the male and female were 1.28 and 1.15. Two-way ANOVA of the sensitivity value（d’) showed significant interaction between gender and working years. The measure of the signal detection threshold（β）of the male and female were 0.44 and 0.53, meaning both were categories in “non-conservative”.
Keywords: Signal Detection Theory, Hazard Risk Perception, Construction Safety |