高速公路大客車縱向防撞警示系統轉換為側向防撞警示系統之間距門檻研究

THE FINAL SPACING THRESHOLD OF REAR-END COLLISION AVOIDANCE WARNING SYSTEM OF LARGE PASSENGER VEHICLES TRANSFERRED TO SIDE COLLISION AVOIDANCE WARNING SYSTEM ON HIGHWAYS

　　道路車輛駕駛安全之行車間距的維持，為行車安全重要因素。現實交通狀況而言，許多車輛因忽視間距，而在未保持有效煞車間隔距離下發生事故。國內外智慧型運輸系統 (Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITS)之先進安全車輛(Advanced Safety Vehicle, ASV)與先進車輛控制與安全系統(Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety Systems, AVCSS)的研究與發展，將防撞警示系統列為重點。並已有將縱向防撞系統與側向防撞系統整合為一之趨勢。然其兩系統轉換之門檻，卻少見研究。如何在縱向防撞警示系統運作下，於變換車道時因間距考量不同下，主動變換為側向防撞系統之轉換時間距門檻為本研究之重點。
　　大客車雖因數量不比其他車種來的多，發生交通事故的件數與其他車種事故相較較低。然大客車載客量大，如發生交通事故，其造成之傷亡數字，往往較一般交通事故來的嚴重。加上身負大眾運輸之重責，其運輸效率較小客車高，故在全球環保意識抬頭與提高能源運用效率下，增加大客車行駛之安全，將可有效促進民眾使用意願。
　　本計畫以先前其他研究者，以高速公路為場景，利用駕駛模擬器完成之車輛駕駛實驗資料，篩選每位實驗者開始變換車道行為前之平均資料，分析其關係，並參考迴歸方法建立初步門檻模式。再以大客車上架設之攝影機拍攝收集在高速公路平直路段行駛期間變換車道之影像，蒐集相關資料，進而分析比對與驗證先前所建立初步門檻模式，進而修正。
　　本研究最終建立之高速公路大客車縱向防撞警示系統轉換為側向防撞警示系統之間距門檻模式可作為高速公路大客車縱向與側向防撞警示兩系統轉換門檻模式研究之參考。

　　Keeping a safe distance between vehicles is the main factor of safety. In actual traffic condition, a great number of accidents take place due to lack of effective brake distance. Study of Advanced Safety Vehicle (ASV) and Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety Systems (AVCSS) in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in advanced countries focuses on collision avoidance warning system. The trend is to combine rear-end and side collision avoidance warning system into one. Few studies aim at transference threshold. This paper focuses on time threshold of rear-end collision avoidance warning system switching to side collision avoidance warning system in consideration of lane changing.
　　The number of large passenger vehicles is less than that of other vehicles, and large passenger vehicles also have fewer traffic accidents. Due to the large capacity of passengers of large passenger vehicles, however, in case of accidents, the number of deaths/injured is much higher than that of other vehicles. With better transportation efficiency than small passenger vehicles, and under global environmental protection and enhancement of energy use, large passenger vehicles will gain more passengers provided that they are able to provide better transportation safety.
　　The researcher screens the average data of lane changing of drivers in driving experiment with driving simulator of the previous studies by other researchers, and analyzes the relation in reference of regression appropriate to establish initial threshold model. Images are then taken on large passenger vehicles changing lanes on straight highways by using video cameras. The researcher analyzes and compares the data to verify the initial threshold model for modification.
　　The final spacing threshold of rear-end collision avoidance warning system of large passenger vehicles transferred to side collision avoidance warning system on highways will serve as reference on relevant studies.