從風險管理探討橋梁施工之問題

DECISION OF RISK MANAGEMENT USED IN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS

　橋梁施工之風險高於一般工程，造成死傷結果或工程停工等問題也較嚴重。在橋梁施工各階段須特別注意施工安全，並規劃所需之安全管理事項，在橋梁設計階段先行掌握橋梁施工之可能危害，有助於減少橋梁職業災害之發生。
　　在一個橋梁施工面中，同時存在許多作業人員與施工機具，要如何預防與妥善處理橋梁施工意外發生，是每個橋梁施工單位應具備之危機管理能力。對施工單位而言，藉由橋梁職災案例調查結果與危害評估，在橋梁施工設計階段時，考量橋梁施工所可能發生的災害，先行排除造成事故發生的因素。在橋梁施工意外發生時，掌握是否為橋梁施工設備不完善、施工程序不正確，或是外在施工環境改變影響(如地震、水災)等災害發生原因，立即減輕橋梁施工事故蔓延的情況。橋梁施工單位藉由良好之應變機制，可以帶給人民優良施工品質之觀感，進而提高橋梁施工單位形象，並提升國家整體進步。

　　The bridge construction is more hazardous than others and might cause more serious result like death, injury or the shutdown. It is very important to plan the necessary safety management items to reduce the accident in each stage of the construction. There are a lot of workers and constructional machines in the bridge working surface at the same time. Each organization of bridge construction should possess crisis managerial and preventive ability. The unit in charge of construction, by occupational accident assessing and bridge situation investigating, may get rid of the accident factors during the design phase of construction. When accident happens, the unit should figure out whether the construction equipment is failed, the operational procedure is incorrect, or the external environmental conditions are changed (such as the earthquake, floods). It may prevent this accidental situation to spread out immediately. By the well prepared emergency system, the construction unit might bring good construction quality impression to the people. Furthermore, it can improve the image of bridge construction unit and also improve the development of country.