中共聯合反恐軍演之初探─以上合組織為例

A RESEARCH OF ANTI-TERRORISM OF PRC – A CASE OF SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

黃一哲

海軍技術學校

摘要

  中共致力於反恐合作的歷程中,除了中、俄兩國關係和解發展形成共識外,上海五國的合作模式藉由軍事互信機制的演進,加強五國之間的安全合作對話,後續對於打擊三股勢力以及面對國際恐怖主義的挑戰,上海合作組織各國在架構下進行的反恐軍事演習,所形成的基礎可認知為,由上海五國時期所形成的安全合作概念所演變而來,這股共識已由雙邊朝向多邊發展,並由中俄兩大國所主導所形成的反恐作為在中亞地區形成一種新型合作模式。
  中共在1996年「上海五國」元首會晤機制,與俄羅斯及中亞國家共同宣誓打擊三股勢力,至2001年6月15日成立「上海合作組織」。「911事件」爆發之後,中共因應美國形成全球性反恐活動情勢,對內加強打擊「恐怖主義、分裂主義、極端主義」三股勢力,從而使其鎮壓「疆獨」、「藏獨」及「法輪功」之作為成為正當性;對外則利用國際反恐合作,深化「上海合作組織」成為中共主導的第一個區域安全合作組織,並藉此打擊「疆獨」外圍組織「東突」勢力。
  上海合作組織成立以來,為因應國際恐怖主義的橫行以及盜賣槍枝、毒品走私規模擴大、非法移民等非傳統安全威脅,除加強成員國之間的合作外,並有效促進觀察員國及其他區域組織的情資互換,以建立最新反恐網絡,打擊恐怖行動,惟中共、俄羅斯及中亞國家在境內皆有少數民族問題存在,形成藉打擊恐怖分子之名,行攻擊少數民族之實,其正當性與否,值得商酌並持續觀察。

關鍵字:中共、反恐聯合軍演、上海合作組織、中亞地區。

ABSTRACT

  The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is the first international regional organizations which participated by Mainland China. It is also the provision of security cooperation and the dialogue channel among China, Russia, and Central Asian countries. Central Asia is in the intersection of the Eurasian continent. It maintains important strategic position among the Mainland China, Russia, the United States and other large countries. During 2004 to 2005, Mongolia, Pakistan, India and Iran was accepted by S.C.O. as observer countries. That was a significant scope of cooperation extended to North-East Asia, South Asia and West Asia. The situation also caused geopolitical changes and trigger competition and cooperation among multilateral relations in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
  The article is under premise of regional security cooperation of PRC to discuss the establishment and the development of the Shanghai Cooperative Organization by the New Regionalism, and analyzing the security cooperation relations by the New Concept of Security among countries in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

KEYWORDS:PRC, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Central Asia region, military exercise of anti-terrorism