綠建築之火場熱流與煙分析

HEAT FLOW AND SMOKE ANALYSIS OF GREEN BUILDINGS IN FIRE

　　近年來全球暖化及環境變遷問題日益惡化，導致「綠建築」議題的探討。綠建築雖以「舒適性」、「自然調和健康」、「環保」為設計理念，然而安全因素仍有其重要性。本研究利用國際間著名的火災模擬分析軟體FDS，探討不同形式的建築，考慮設置自然排氣窗後之火場煙囪效應，並加入自然風的因素，並分析補氣的影響。
　　研究發現，若無設置，於180秒後室內溫度將超過100℃；然而若設置排氣窗，火災發生後即使至360秒，溫度仍將維持在人體可接受的溫度範圍內。同時研究也顯示廣島式建築室內排熱、排煙效果較不佳。在外界2.0m/s的自然風吹襲下，室內溫度與濃煙濃度確實有較為上升約10℃的現象發生。室內濃度上升60~80 mg/m3，此顯示自然風確實會影響到室內排煙與排熱之效能。迎風面窗戶流量降低47.3%，背風面窗戶則流量則增大45.6%，又以廣島式建築的排氣量受自然風影響較大。如無補氣的效應，在火災發生的初期，右側排氣窗降低38.1%，左側排氣窗降低39.4%，顯示影響火災初期流量變化十分驚人，本研究獲得的重要結果，可作為日後工程設計上重要的參考依據。

　　Global warm and the environmental changing worsen have caused the issue of Green Buildings in recent years. The Green Building will be designed by the idea with ' comfortableness health and environmental protection '. However, the safety factor stills have its importance. This paper utilizes international fire simulation of the name to analyze software FDS to study the multi-form building , consider setting up the stack effect of the scene of a fire after arranging the transom window naturally , and put into the factor of wind, and analyze that influence of make-up effect in fire.
　　The paper finds that the temperature exceeds 100℃ in the indoor after 180 seconds. But if the transom window be set up, after the fire occur even to 360 seconds, temperature will be kept within the range of temperature which the human can accept. The paper shows also that it is not better to release heat and smoke result in the Hiroshima type at the same time. Under the circumstances 2.0m/s of the natural wind, the indoor temperature and smoke concentration have about 10℃ rising , and smoke concentration rise 600 mg/m3, this show natural wind influence the release efficiency of the smoke and heat. Windward side window flow reduces 47.3%, leeward pieces of window flow increase 45.6%. The building be impact by wind with Hiroshima type. Lack of make-up air, in the initial stage of fire, the release flow within transom window to reduce by 38.1% in the right side, and reduce by 39.4% in the left side, show that it is obvious that influencing fire initial stage. The result obtained in this paper will be important reference basis as the engineering design in the future.