公安事故現場勘查與分析--以高雄煉油廠氣爆案為例

INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE ASSOCIATED WITH PUBLIC SAFETY RELATED ACCIDENT--KAOHSIUNG OIL REFINERY GAS EXPLOSION AS AN EXAMPLE

　　97年1月5日傍晚時分，高雄煉油廠第二真空製氣油工場傳出驚人的爆炸聲，造成高雄後勁地區近百戶居民家中門窗被震破、倒塌，並不時傳出嘶嘶的氣體外洩聲響。高雄市政府消防局救災救護指揮中心接獲居民報案後，隨即趕赴現場疏散民眾並協助救災事宜，並依據行政院函頒「災害緊急通報作業規定」，通報消防署、環保署及環保局等應變機關，並請求環保署毒災應變諮詢中心及環保署環境毒災應變隊等相關單位與人員到場協助公安事故之應變與處理。經現場檢測後，發現外洩氣體主要為氫氣（H2）、少量硫化氫（H2S）及碳氫化合物等具有毒性之易燃、易爆特性之可燃性氣體，立即迅速協調有關水、空氣、土壤等環境污染防治單位，進駐該廠區進行環境污染監控、控制等緊急防治作業。
　　本文藉由筆者會同高雄市政府勞工局勞工檢查所、內政部消防署等調查人員多次進出爆炸中心點之實地勘查經驗，深入評估爆震波涵蓋範圍、火流延燒方向及外洩氣體物化性，並藉由廠區即時監控數位系統及監視器畫面確認起爆位置。再進一步切除破損管件由「財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心」進行分析【含巨觀檢視、非破壞檢測、材質成份分析、金相組織觀察、破斷面觀察與微區成份分析（SEM/EDS）等項目】，藉由科學鑑定結果來探討該處管件銹蝕原因並提出可行的預防改善之道，協助廠方進行老舊管線全面總體檢，強化教育訓練與安全管理，減少此類災害發生。

　　In the evening of January 5, 2008, a massive explosion occurred at the second vacuum gasoline plant of the Kaohsiung Oil Refinery. The explosion shocked or broke hundreds of the nearby resident’s windows and doors in the Houjing area. Hissing sound was heard continuously. Upon receiving the report, the Emergency and Rescue Command Center of the Kaohsiung City Fire Bureau dispatched a team to the scene, notified the National Fire Administration (NFA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and requested the presence of poison consulting personnel. Following an examination of the scene, EPA personnel concluded that the gases released were mainly hydrogen (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and hydrocarbons. With these gases' flammable, toxic, and explosive characteristics, related EPA units moved into the factory to assess safety issues and monitor potential pollution of water, air, and soil.
　　During the investigation period, the author and investigators from NPA and the Occupational Safety Office of the Labor Department conducted various examinations at the detonation point to estimate the scope of the detonation wave, the direction of fire spreading,and the property of the gases released. The factory’s digital real-time monitoring devices were also examined to confirm the exact detonation position. Breakage of iron pipe analyzed by the Metal Industries Research and Development Center included macro metallography observation of the breaking surface and micro area ingredient analysis.Analytical data suggested that corrosion of the piping through rusting resulted in the gas explosion. The investigation team further assisted in carrying out a comprehensive examination of all obsolete pipelines throughout the entire facility and suggested strengthening training and safety management of related employees.
　　In the evening of January 5, 2008, a massive explosion occurred at the second vacuum gasoline plant of the Kaohsiung Oil Refinery. The explosion shocked or broke hundreds of the nearby resident’s windows and doors in the Houjing area. Hissing sound was heard continuously. Upon receiving the report, the Emergency and Rescue Command Center of the Kaohsiung City Fire Bureau dispatched a team to the scene, notified the National Fire Administration (NFA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and requested the presence of poison consulting personnel. Following an examination of the scene, EPA personnel concluded that the gases released were mainly hydrogen (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and hydrocarbons. With these gases' flammable, toxic, and explosive characteristics, related EPA units moved into the factory to assess safety issues and monitor potential pollution of water, air, and soil.
　　During the investigation period, the author and investigators from NPA and the Occupational Safety Office of the Labor Department conducted various examinations at the detonation point to estimate the scope of the detonation wave, the direction of fire spreading,and the property of the gases released. The factory’s digital real-time monitoring devices were also examined to confirm the exact detonation position. Breakage of iron pipe analyzed by the Metal Industries Research and Development Center included macro metallography observation of the breaking surface and micro area ingredient analysis.Analytical data suggested that corrosion of the piping through rusting resulted in the gas explosion. The investigation team further assisted in carrying out a comprehensive examination of all obsolete pipelines throughout the entire facility and suggested strengthening training and safety management of related employees.