華盛頓公約與台灣動物保育現況之矛盾與省思

The contradictions and reflections of the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (cites) and the animal conservation status in Taiwan .

Deng-Jie You 1 、 Ice Shin 2 、 Hsing-Hua Wu 2 、 Fu-Chen Kung *3

1. Soochow University School of Law

2. Experimental Research Division, Kainan High School of Commerce and Industry

3. Center for General Education, Kainan University

摘要

    因經濟成長和生活水準之提昇，國人飼養寵物逐漸成為風潮。現今寵物店中，已出現華盛頓公約附錄上所載之國際級保育類動物。由於我國非該公約組織之締約國，故對華盛頓公約的規範並無必須遵守之義務。但是基於認同保育瀕危物種之理念，加上國際保育思潮與貿易制裁之壓力，我國乃頒佈野生動物保育法，並由法律授權農委會制訂保育類動物名錄，將華盛頓公約附錄一之全部物種及部分附錄二之物種列入名錄之中。此為我國野生動物保育法承繼華盛頓公約之國內立法繼受關係，使之成為我國實踐華盛頓公約之主要法律。

    惟華盛頓公約附錄上所載之全部物種，非全部包括於我國野生動物保育名錄中，將因華盛頓公約和我國野生動物保育法規範客體上的不同，產生法律地位及適用上之混淆和矛盾。再者，林務局和森林暨自然保育警察隊業務繁雜，對相關法律制度缺乏一定認知，造成我國保育野生動物上之漏洞。

    基於此點，本文乃建議：一、修正「野生動物保育名錄」，並定期檢討之。二、設立專責保育業務之執法機構，並培訓保育專業人才。三、加強保育法令之宣導，嚴格查緝非法保育之案件。以期改善國內保育法治之缺失，永續經營，符合保育之宗旨。

 關鍵字 : 瀕臨絕種野生動植物國際貿易公約、華盛頓公約、野生動物保育法、野生動物保育名錄

Abstract

Because of the economic growth and the improving living standard, raising pets is gradually becoming popular among Taiwanese. Nowadays, even in a pet shop we can find animals in the international conservation list of the CITES.

Because Taiwan is not a signee of CITES, we have no obligations to follow the regulations. But based on the recognition of the concept of conservation of endangered species, together with international conservation trend and the pressures of trade sanctions, Taiwan has passed the Wildlife Conservation Act (WCA) and authorized Council of Agriculture by the law to create a Protected Wildlife List (PWL) to include all the species in Appendix I and part of the species in Appendix II of CITES. In such a way, Taiwan 's WCA is thus inherited from CITES, and becomes the principal law to effect CITES.

However, the species in CITES' Appendix are not all included in the PWL. Because the difference in the subjects between CITES and WCA, the legal status and the application are confusing and contradicting. Moreover, both the Forestry Bureau and the Forest Conservation Police Force have too many duties to conduct, and lack sufficient understanding to the relating legal system, resulting in the loophole of conserving wild animals.

Based on this, this paper makes the following proposes: (a) the "Protected Wildlife List" should be reviewed and revised regularly. (b) a dedicated law enforcing agency should be create in charging of conservation and the training of conservation professionals. (c) the advocacy of regulations should be strengthened, and the illegal cases should be strictly apprehended. These would improve the frauds in the enforcement of WCA, and make it sustainable, and thus to meet the objectives of conservation.

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