幼兒自律行為與父母教養型態

The Prediction of Parenting Styles to Young Children's Self-regulation Behavior

李百麟、王巧利、 林怡 君、張淑美

P. L. Lee, C. L. Wang, Y. J. Lin, and S. M. Chang

嘉南藥理科技大學

Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science

摘要

    Erikson 曾提出人類生命發展有八大危機， 鑒於幼兒自律行為與自我發展息息相關， 若能有效對行為自律節制， 即能適度對此發展危機做出良好管理。 本研究探討了解不同教養型態的家長對於幼兒發展過程中的自律行為的預測情形。 本研究使用 Baumrind 及 Maccoby & Martin 等人定義的四種父母教養型態 : 開明， 獨斷， 溺愛， 及 疏忽型為評量藍本。 而幼兒自律行為則用 Raffaelli ， Crockett ， & Shen 所編之幼兒自律量表。 在蒐集 95 位幼稚園大班小朋友家長之自我報告教養型態及該小朋友園所教師填答之幼兒行為評量多元迴歸分析結果中，研究者發現獨斷型父母最能解釋幼兒自律行為之變異量。 雖然開明型父母也有一定的解釋量， 但它與溺愛及疏忽類型父母則未能在統計上有效預測幼兒自律行為。 本研究結果大致與國外研究一致。 台灣本地此類型之研究則極為有限。 影響本研究結果之限制及改善方法在本文內也有所討論。

關鍵字 : 幼兒， 自律行為， 父母教養型態， 父母教養。

Abstract

Erikson proposed the eight critical stages that are vital to human psychosocial development. Self-regulation is one important area to individual life development. Those better at behavior self-control are considered easier passing their eight life developmental crisis. The study examined how the parenting styles would predict children's self-regulation behavior. The study employed the measures: a, parenting styles defined by Baumrind, and Maccoby & Martin, and, b, the abbreviated self-regulation behavior by Raffaelli, Crockett, & Shen. The self-report parenting styles and teachers' report on self-regulation behavior on 95 kindergarteners were collected. The multiple regression statistics method was run and found that authoritarian parenting was the best predictor on children's self-regulation behavior, the rest parenting styles were not good predictors. The results were consistent with previous literatures in Western society. However, related literature was limited in Taiwan . The limitation and improvement of the study were also discussed.

KEYWORDS: early childhood, self-regulation, parenting styles, parenting